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Is New Zealand Earthquake linked to teh mysterious deaths of more than 100 pilot whales?
http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2011/02/22/is-new-zealand-earthquake-linked-to-the-mysterious-deaths-of-more-than-100-pilot-whales-115875-22941618/
Excerpt:
Is New Zealand earthquake linked to the mysterious deaths of more than 100 pilot whales?
By Chris Powers 22/02/2011
Twitter was awash today with theories that the bizarre deaths of more than 100 stranded pilot whales in New Zealand may have been a warning that an earthquake was going to hit.
There have been TWO mass whale deaths on NZ’s South Island in less than three weeks.
In the latest bizarre incident on Sunday, less than 48 hours before the earthquake hit, a pod of whales beached themselves near Cavalier Creek on Stewart Island.
Discussing the earthquake and whale deaths on Twitter, Kate Redman 'DolphinSeeker30' asked: “could the stranding of 100 pilot whales be linked to the earthquake?”
CodeNameTanya tweeted: “Over a hundred pilot whales beached themselves in New Zealand and then the earthquake. Wonder if tectonic plate shifts confuse whales. Hmmm.”
VeganWheekers asked: “Could there be a connection between the 107 whales that died on New Zealand beach yesterday and today's earthquake?” while TV New Zealand added: "has anyone noticed the correlation between beached whales and earthquakes?"
Following the discovery of 30 stranded pilot whales on the island earlier this month, RadioLive breakfast show host Marcus Lush tweeted that an earthquake “greater than five” would hit in the next week.
Read more: http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2011/02/22/is-new-zealand-earthquake-linked-to-the-mysterious-deaths-of-more-than-100-pilot-whales-115875-22941618/#ixzz1F1Lr8IUK
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beached_whale
Excerpt:
SONAR
See also: Noise pollution#Environment and Marine Mammals and Sonar
There is evidence that active sonar leads to beaching. On some occasions whales have stranded shortly after military sonar was active in the area,[8] suggesting a link. Theories describing how sonar may cause whale deaths have also been advanced after necropsies found internal injuries in stranded whales. In contrast, whales stranded due to seemingly natural causes are usually healthy prior to beaching:The large and rapid pressure changes made by loud sonar can cause hemorrhaging. Evidence emerged after 17 beaked whales hauled out in the Bahamas in March 2000 following a United States Navy sonar exercise. The Navy accepted blame[10] agreeing that the dead whales experienced acoustically-induced hemorrhages around the ears. The resulting disorientation probably led to the stranding. Ken Balcomb, a whale zoologist, specializes in the Killer Whale populations that inhabit the Strait of Juan de Fuca between Washington and Vancouver Island.[11] He investigated these beachings and argues that the powerful sonar pulses resonated with airspaces in the whales, tearing tissue around the ears and brain.[12] Apparently not all species are affected by SONAR.[13]The low frequency active sonar (LFA sonar) used by the military to detect submarines is the loudest sound ever put into the seas. Yet the U.S. Navy is planning to deploy LFA sonar across 80 percent of the world ocean. At an amplitude of two hundred forty decibels, it is loud enough to kill whales and dolphins and already causing mass strandings and deaths in areas where U.S. and/or NATO forces are conducting exercises.—Julia Whitty, The Fragile Edge[9]
Another means by which sonar could be hurting whales is a form of decompression sickness. This was first raised by necrological examinations of 14 beaked whales stranded in the Canary Islands. The stranding happened on 24 September 2002, close to the operating area of Neo Tapon (an international naval exercise) about four hours after the activation of mid-frequency sonar.[14] The team of scientists found acute tissue damage from gas-bubble lesions, which are indicative of decompression sickness.[14] The precise mechanism of how sonar causes bubble formation is not known. It could be due to whales panicking and surfacing too rapidly in an attempt to escape the sonar pulses. There is also a theoretical basis by which sonar vibrations can cause supersaturated gas to nucleate to form bubbles.[15]
The overwhelming majority of the whales involved in SONAR-associated beachings are Cuvier's Beaked Whales (Ziphius cavirostrus). This species strands frequently, but mass strandings are rare. They are so difficult to study in the wild that prior to the interest raised by the SONAR controversy, most of the information about them came from stranded animals. The first to publish research linking beachings with naval activity were Simmonds and Lopez-Jurado in 1991. They noted that over the past decade there had been a number of mass strandings of beaked whales in the Canary Islands, and each time the Spanish Navy was conducting exercises. Conversely, there were no mass strandings at other times. They did not propose a theory for the strandings.
In May 1996 there was another mass stranding in West Peloponnese, Greece. At the time it was noted as "atypical" both because mass strandings of beaked whales are rare, and also because the stranded whales were spread over such a long stretch of coast with each individual whale spacially separated from the next stranding. At the time of the incident there was no connection made with active SONAR, the marine biologist investigating the incident, Dr. Frantzis, made the connection to SONAR because of a Notice to Mariners he discovered about the test. His scientific correspondence in Nature titled "Does acoustic testing strand whales?"[16] was published in March 1998.
Dr. Peter Tyack, of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, has been researching noise's effects on marine mammals since the 1970s. He has led much of the recent research on beaked whales (and Cuvier's beaked whales in particular). Data tags have shown that Cuvier's dive considerably deeper than previously thought, and are in fact the deepest diving species of marine mammal. Their surfacing behavior is highly unusual because they exert considerable physical effort to surface in a controlled ascent, rather than simply floating to the surface like sperm whales. Deep dives are followed by three or four shallow dives. Vocalization stops at shallow depths, because of fear of predators or because they don't need vocalization to stay together at depths where there is sufficient light to see each other. The elaborate dive patterns are assumed to be necessary to control the diffusion of gases in the bloodstream. No data show a beaked whale making an uncontrolled ascent or failing to do successive shallow dives.
The whales may interpret the unfamiliar sound of SONAR as a predator and change its behavior in a dangerous way. This last theory would make mitigation particularly difficult since the sound levels themselves are not physically damaging, but only cause fear. The damage mechanism would not be the sound.
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